Korean Journal of Health & Nursing (Korean J Health Nurs, KJHN)
Open Access, Peer Reviewed
pISSN 3058-4744
eISSN 3058-5643
Original Article

Development and Usability Evaluation of a Health Belief Model-Based Smartphone Breast Self-Examination Education Application

Assistant Professor , Department of Nursing, Tongmyong University, Busan, Republic of Korea

Correspondence to Sung Hae Kim, E-mail: sunghae@tu.ac.kr

Korean J Health Nurs 2026;3(1):39-46. https://doi.org/10.12972/kjhn.2026.3.1.5
Received on May 22, 2026, Revised on June 05, 2026, Accepted on June 05, 2026, Published on June 30, 2026.
© Author(s). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a health belief model-based smartphone breast self-examination (BSE) education application and to evaluate its usability through expert assessment. Methods: A methodological design was used, and the application was developed in three stages: content development, application design, and implementation. The application included educational materials, step-by-step BSE instructions, video-based guidance, Q&A, and chatbot-based communication. Usability was evaluated by seven experts, including two nurses working at a breast cancer center, three nursing professors with application development experience, and two information technology experts. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The final application had six main components: main screen, survey, educational materials, educational video, Q&A, and chatbot-based communication function. The total usability score was 77.00±2.00 out of 80, and the mean item score was 4.81±0.13 out of 5. The mean scores for content accuracy, accessibility and convenience, speed and connection, and overall impression were 19.29±0.76, 28.71±0.49, 14.71±0.49, and 14.29±0.76, respectively. Conclusion: The health belief model-based smartphone BSE education application showed high expert-rated usability. The results provide preliminary evidence for applying smartphone-based BSE education in community settings.

Keywords

Breast self-examination; Mobile applications; Health belief model; Breast cancer; Usability testing